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Abstract Long-term-ecological-research (LTER) faces many challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining long-term funding, changes in research questions and sampling designs, keeping researchers collecting standardized data for many years, impediments to interactions with local people, and the difficulty of integrating the needs of local decision makers with “big science”. These issues result in a lack of universally accepted guidelines as to how research should be done and integrated among LTER sites. Here we discuss how the RAPELD (standardized field infrastructure system), can help deal with these issues as a complementary technique in LTER studies, allowing comparisons across landscapes and ecosystems and reducing sampling costs. RAPELD uses local surveys to understand broad spatial and temporal patterns while enhancing decision-making and training of researchers, local indigenous groups and traditional communities. Sampling of ecological data can be carried out by different researchers through standardized protocols, resulting in spatial data that can be used to answer temporal questions, and allow new questions to be investigated. Results can also be integrated into existing biodiversity networks. Integrated systems are the most efficient way to save resources, maximize results, and accumulate information that can be used in the face of the unknown unknowns upon which our future depends.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230051

Bat species diversity from Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a compilation of two decades of sampling
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Pires, Rayssa S.A.

; Soares, Gabriella

; Souza, Renan F.

; Teixeira, Tiago S.M.

; Monteiro-Alves, Priscila S.

; Lourenço, Elizabete C.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

; Costa, Luciana M.

; Santori, Ricardo T.

; Esbérard, Carlos E.L.

; Moratelli, Ricardo

; Novaes, Roberto L.M.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2022, Volume 39 elocation e22032

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) is a private, protected area inside a remnant of the Atlantic Forest with high biodiversity. Although the bats of the reserve have been sampled for more than two decades, few studies have been published about them. Based on a compilation of data from several surveys, we present an updated list of the bat species there and compare it with surveys from other locations in the Atlantic Forest. From August 1998 to September 2021, at least 194 sampling nights were carried out at REGUA by different research groups from various institutions, totaling 448,092 m2.h of sampling. A total of 4,069 individuals were captured, belonging to 47 species and six families. Additionally, our results indicate that it is possible that some species that occur at REGUA have not been recorded yet. REGUA has the greatest number of bat species known for the Atlantic Forest. This most likely results from the fact that the reserve includes large areas of mature, continuous forest connected with other protected areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Another factor contributing to the high diversity of bat species at REGUA is that the area has been intensely sampled for many years. Given that the bat assemblage there appears to be a good proxy to ascertain the ecological patterns of biodiversity in well-preserved forests, we consider REGUA to be an important area for long-term ecological research. The basic knowledge about the ecological interactions of bats with different food resources and zoonotic microorganisms offers a unique opportunity to carry out research in several areas of knowledge, making it possible to address questions about bat assemblage structure, bat-parasite ecology, competition, niche partitioning, and other related studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e22032

Bat assemblages of protected areas in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Costa, Luciana M.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

; Luz, Júlia L.

; Esbérard, Carlos E. L.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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2020, Volume 110 elocation e2020028

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Analisamos as assembleias de morcegos encontradas em Unidades de Conservação (UCs) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que é a região melhor amostrada da Mata Atlântica. Selecionamos 24 UCs de Proteção Integral e nove de Uso Sustentável. Utilizamos dados de inventários e complementamos com dados da literatura. Comparamos as UCs de Proteção Integral e de Uso Sustentável e testamos se as assembleias de morcegos variavam entre os tipos de habitat. Testamos o efeito da distância geográfica na dissimilaridade entre as assembleias de morcegos, bem como a relação entre a composição das espécies e o tamanho, a altitude média das UCs e o esforço de captura. Compilamos um total de 34.443 registros de captura, de 67 espécies. Três espécies foram capturadas apenas uma vez, o que mostra motivos de preocupação. As assembleias de morcegos não variaram entre categorias das UCs, mas variaram entre habitats com menos de 1.000 capturas. As assembleias foram mais parecidas entre si em áreas geograficamente próximas. O tamanho da UC e o esforço de captura não afetaram a composição das assembleias de morcegos, mas a altitude influenciou esse parâmetro. A Mata Atlântica é um bioma prioritário para pesquisa e conservação, e dados confiáveis sobre a distribuição de espécies são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação.

ABSTRACT We analyzed the bat assemblages found in protected areas in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which is the best-sampled region of the Atlantic Forest. We selected 24 strict nature reserves and nine sustainable-use protected areas. We used data from inventories and complemented with data from the literature. We compared strict and sustainable-use protected areas, and tested whether the bat assemblages varied between habitat types. We tested the effect of geographic distance on the dissimilarity between bat assemblages, as well as the relationship between species composition and the size, mean altitude of the protected area, and capture effort. We compiled a total of 34,443 capture records, involving 67 species. Three species were captured only once, which raises cause for concern. Bat assemblages did not vary between protected area categories, but did vary among habitats with less than 1,000 captures. Assemblages were more similar to one another in geographically proximate areas. The size of the protected area and capture effort did not affect the composition of the bat assemblages, but altitude did influence this parameter. The Atlantic Forest is a priority biome for research and conservation, and reliable data on species distributions are essential for the development of conservation strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2020028 667 downloads

Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
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Ferreguetti, Atilla C.

; Oliveira, Amanda B.M. de

; Pereira, Bruno C.

; Santori, Ricardo T.

; Geise, Lena

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2020, Volume 37 elocation e36846

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates of A. g. clamitans encounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species’ ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e36846 706 downloads

INVASION BY Canis lupus familiaris (CARNIVORA) IN A PROTECTED AREA IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST BIOME, BRAZIL: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
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Allemand, Marina M.

; Ferreguetti, Atilla C.

; Pereira-Ribeiro, Juliane

; Duarte Rocha, Carlos F.

; Bergallo, Helena G

Mastozoología neotropical

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Jun 2019, Volume 26 Nº 2 Páginas 233 - 240

Resumo: Es | Texto: Es | PDF: Es

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Assessing the population density of the spotted paca, Cuniculus paca , (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) on an Atlantic Forest island, southeastern Brazil
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Ferreguetti, Átilla C.

; Pereira, Bruno C.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2018, Volume 35 elocation e23133

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The spotted paca, Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766), is a Neotropical, opportunistic, frugivorous caviomorph rodent, that inhabits primarily broadleaf forests. We aimed to provide the first estimates of density of C. paca for the Ilha Grande, an island located in the Atlantic Rain Forest biome of Brazil. Density and population size were estimated using the total number of individuals observed along each trail through the program DISTANCE 7. Our estimates of density and population size reinforces the importance of the Ilha Grande as an important reservoir of the species. Therefore, the results presented herein can be a starting point to support future action plans for the species, making predictions regarding the ecosystem and management and conservation of the spotted paca. Furthermore, the results can be used as a surrogate for other regions in which the species occurs.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23133 1035 downloads

Differences in the mammalian habitat use in a mosaic of vegetation types of an Atlantic rain-forest reserve, Brazil
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Ferreguetti, Atilla C

; Tomas, Walfrido M

; Bergallo, Helena G

Mastozoología neotropical

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Dez 2017, Volume 24 Nº 2 Páginas 355 - 364

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar como o uso do habitat por espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte estava relacionada com as diferentes fitosionomias em uma área protegida de Mata Atlântica, Sudeste do Brasil. Nossas hipóteses foram: cada fitofisionomia encontrada na Reserva Natural Vale (RNV) apresentaria diferentes composições de espécies de mamíferos, e que a riqueza e abundancia relativa das espécies seria maior em áreas próximas dos recursos hídricos. Nós instalamos 39 armadilhas fotográficas na RNV, e utilizamos duas covariadas para caracterizar as diferentes fitofisionomias (i.e. densidade de árvores e de lianas). Nós também utilizamos uma covariada espacial: a distância do recurso hídrico mais próximo. Nós registramos 26 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. A comunidade de mamíferos foi estruturada pelos diferentes tipos de fitofisionomias e pela proximidade da água. Os resultados apresentados aqui mostra que mesmo em uma única reserva é, como a RNV, existe uma diferença na composição de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Além disso, nossos resultados também destacam a relevância da água na determinação de uma área protegida para garantir a qualidade do habitat para as espécies de mamíferos. A RNV faz parte de um dos maiores blocos de Mata de Tabuleiro da Mata Atlântica, e também representam um dos maiores remanescentes do bioma.

This study aimed to evaluate how habitat use by medium and large sized mammals was related to different vegetation types in an Atlantic rain-forest reserve in south-eastern Brazil. Our hypotheses were that each vegetation type found in the Vale Natural Reserve (VNR) will present a different mammal species composition, and that mammal species richness and relative abundance will be higher in areas nearest to water. We installed 39 camera traps in the VNR, and used two covariates to characterize the different vegetation types (density of trees and lianas). We also used one spatial covariate: the distance to the nearest water resource. We recorded 26 medium- and large-sized mammal species. The mammalian assemblage was structured by vegetation type and the proximity of water. The results presented here show that even in a single reserve such as VNR there is a difference in the assemblage composition of medium- and large-sized mammals. Our results also indicate the relevance of water availability when designing protected areas to ensure habitat quality for mammal species. The VNR is one of the major remaining portions of the coastal plain forest of the Atlantic rain forest, and also one of the largest contiguous blocks of this biome.

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Ecological and reproductive aspects of Aparasphenodon brunoi (Anura: Hylidae) in an ombrophilous forest area of the Atlantic Rainforest Biome, Brazil
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Gomez-Mesa, Laura

; Pereira-Ribeiro, Juliane

; Ferreguetti, Atilla C.

; Almeida-Santos, Marlon

; Bergallo, Helena G.

; Rocha, Carlos F. D.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2017, Volume 34 elocation e20477

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Presented is the first information on the ecological and reproductive aspects of the treefrog, Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, living in ombrophilous forest areas of the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. We recorded the species’ daily activity and over the course of a year, population density during the year, microhabitat usage, diet, and some reproductive features (quantity, diameter and mean mass of oocytes, mean reproductive effort of female). Field sampling was conducted monthly from June 2015 to July 2016. Searches for treefrogs were systematic, using visual encounter surveys along 14 plots RAPELD long term research modules established in the forest. For each captured individual, we recorded the hour, microhabitat used, and perch height. The diet of the population was ascertained based on 15 individuals collected outside the study plot areas. Treefrogs used seven different types of microhabitats in the forest but the preferred microhabitats were tree-trunks and lianas. The amount of accumulated rainfall and air temperature interacted to explain the number of A. brunoi individuals active throughout the year. The reproductive strategy for females of this comparatively large arboreal frog in the ombrophilous forest is to produce clutches with a large number (900.8 ± 358.1) of relatively small-sized eggs. We conclude that in the ombrophious forest of the Vale Natural Reserve, A. brunoi is a nocturnal arboreal treefrog active throughout the year but activity increases during the wet season as a result of increased precipitation. In the forest, treefrogs tend to perch mainly on tree-trunks and lianas about 1 m above ground, where it feeds preferably on relatively large bodied arthropod prey. When living in the ombrophilous forest of the Atlantic rainforest, A. brunoi may change some features of its ecology (e.g. marked difference in the use of bromeliads) compared to when living in restinga habitats.

https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20477 1605 downloads

Environmental parameters affecting the structure of leaf-litter frog (Amphibia: Anura) communities in tropical forests: a case study from an Atlantic Rainforest area in southeastern Brazil
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Siqueira, Carla C.

; Vrcibradic, Davor

; Nogueira-Costa, Paulo

; Martins, Angele R.

; Dantas, Leonardo

; Gomes, Vagner L. R.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

; Rocha, Carlos Frederico D.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Abr 2014, Volume 31 Nº 2 Páginas 147 - 152

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Despite a recent increase of information on leaf litter frog communities from Atlantic rainforests, few studies have analyzed the relationship between environmental parameters and community structure of these animals. We analyzed the effects of some environmental factors on a leaf litter frog community at an Atlantic Rainforest area in southeastern Brazil. Data collection lasted ten consecutive days in January 2010, at elevations ranging between 300 and 520 m above sea level. We established 50 quadrats of 5 x 5 m on the forest floor, totaling 1,250 m² of sampled area, and recorded the mean leaf-litter depth and the number of trees within the plot, as well as altitude. We found 307 individuals belonging to ten frog species within the plots. The overall density of leaf-litter frogs estimated from the plots was 24.6 ind/100m², with Euparkerella brasiliensis (Parker, 1926), Ischnocnema guentheri (Steindachner, 1864), Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) and Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824) presenting the highest estimated densities. Among the environmental variables analyzed, only altitude influenced the parameters of anuran community. Our results indicate that the study area has a very high density of forest floor leaf litter frogs at altitudes of 300-500 m. Future estimates of litter frog density might benefit from taking the local altitudinal variation into consideration. Neglecting such variation might result in underestimated/overestimated values if they are extrapolated to the whole area.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000200005 3268 downloads

10.

Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of an urban park in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
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Esbérard, Carlos E.L.

; Luz, Júlia L.

; Costa, Luciana M.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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Mar 2014, Volume 104 Nº 1 Páginas 59 - 69

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Algumas espécies de morcegos são capazes de se adaptar às áreas urbanas, onde encontram alimento e abrigo. Apesar do elevado número de parques nas cidades brasileiras estas ainda não despertaram o interesse dos zoólogos, exceção feita a inventários de aves e borboletas. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (i) inventariar as espécies de morcegos da Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), um grande (25 ha) parque urbano centralmente localizado na povoada cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a segunda maior metrópole do Brasil; (ii) comparar a riqueza de espécies observadas em refúgios com a riqueza registrada através de redes de neblina abertas em rotas de voo e perto de figueiras em frutificação; e (iii) analisar as recapturas de morcegos marcados neste parque e recapturados em outras localidades, e vice-versa. A amostragem totalizou 104 noites, resultando em 3.256 capturas (incluindo 133 recapturas) entre abril de 1989 e dezembro de 2004. Nós também amostramos abrigos e recebemos alguns exemplares de visitantes do parque e dos cidadãos. No total, nós documentamos 21 espécies de morcegos, com a predominância de grandes frugívoros. O número de espécies esperadas para este parque foi de 24,0 ± 4,6, e o total amostrado representado foi de 87,5% do esperado. As recapturas de morcegos marcados em torno dos fragmentos florestais e em QBV mostram a importância de parques urbanos para a manutenção da diversidade de morcegos. As buscas e amostragens em abrigos resultaram em duas espécies que não tinham sido capturadas com outros métodos. As amostragens perto de figueiras em frutificação não diferiram em termos de riqueza em relação às amostragens realizadas longe destas árvores, ou durante os seus períodos de não frutificação.

Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting fig trees; and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 ± 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766201410415969 3246 downloads

11.

Conquering Brazil: the invasion by the exotic gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata) in Brazilian natural environments
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Rocha, Carlos Frederico D.

; Anjos, Luciano A.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Dez 2011, Volume 28 Nº 6 Páginas 747 - 754

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In this study we review the records regarding occurrence of Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau De Jonnès, 1818 in Brazil, looking for records of the species in natural habitats, in order to assess the present status of this gecko as an exotic or invasive alien species in the country. We surveyed the available records of H. mabouia living in natural conditions, considering secondary data obtained from the literature, supplemented with original field records obtained by the authors during fieldwork. We found a total of 36 records in the literature and/or field records reporting the occurrence of H. mabouia in natural habitats in 36 different localities in 13 Brazilian states. The states presenting a higher number of records were Rio de Janeiro (seven), Bahia, São Paulo (six), and Espírito Santo (five different areas). We show that the invasion of Brazilian natural habitats by H. mabouia has taken place for some decades. Presently we have consistent records that it has invaded natural habitats in 13 Brazilian states. This suggests thatit is important to start monitoring H. mabouia in order to measure the rate and effectiveness of its establishment in natural habitats in Brazil and also to evaluate the potential negative effects of this invasion on sympatric species.

5116 downloads

12.

Influência do esforço amostral na riqueza de espécies de morcegos no sudeste do Brasil
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Esbérard, Carlos E. L.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia

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Mar 2008, Volume 25 Nº 1 Páginas 67 - 73

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

É difícil comparar os resultados obtidos em inventários de morcegos, pois os esforços de coleta empregados diferem grandemente, e há obviamente influência nos resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar três inventários de morcegos realizados em ambientes similares no sudeste do Brasil e comparar o esforço de coleta empregado para aferir a riqueza de espécies de morcegos. Duas metodologias e três diferentes esforços de coleta foram usados: I) coleta com redes de neblina por toda a noite; II) coleta com redes por até seis horas a cada noite e III) coleta com redes armadas por 12 horas por uma ou duas noites em cada local, combinada com a busca ativa por refúgios. Nós comparamos as metodologias e os três esforços de coleta usando três unidades distintas: noites de coleta, horas de coletas e número de capturas. As curvas de acumulação de espécies obtidas demonstraram que a adição de novas espécies mostra-se mais acelerada na combinação de coletas por 12 h por noite e busca ativa de refúgios. O número estimado de espécies pelo estimador de Chao variou de 25,5 a 38 espécies, correspondendo de 3,12 a nove espécies a mais para cada inventário. O total amostrado pelas três metodologias atingiu 92% das espécies registradas para o sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro e para cada inventário variou de 53,9 a 74,4% do total regional.

It is difficult to compare the results of bats inventories since sampling methodologies differ largely influencing the results. The objective of this study is to present three inventories of bats accomplished in similar environments in the Southeastern Brazil and to compare the different effort applied to check the bat species richness. Three methodologies were compared: I) sampling with mist nets all night, II) sampling with mist nets for six hours every night, and III) sampling with mist nets opened all night by one or two nights in each place, combined with the active search for refuges. We compared the methodologies using three different units: sampling nights, hours of effort, and number of captures. Species accumulation curves demonstrated that the addition of new species is more accelerated when the effort is of 12 h per night together with active searching refuges. The expected number of species given by the Chao estimator varied from 25.5 to 38 species, corresponding to 3.12 to nine species increase for each inventory. The total bat species sampled by the three methodologies reached 92% of the species recognized to occur in the south portion of Rio de Janeiro state and each inventory varied from 53.9 to 74.4% of the regional richness.

7210 downloads

13.

Research on bats in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
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Esbérard, Carlos E. L.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Mastozoología neotropical

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Dez 2005, Volume 12 Nº 2 Páginas 237 - 243

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

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14.

Coletar morcegos por seis ou doze horas a cada noite?
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Esbérard, Carlos E. L.

; Bergallo, Helena G.

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia

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Dez 2005, Volume 22 Nº 4 Páginas 1095 - 1098

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Pesquisadores brasileiros de morcegos concentram a atividade de coleta com redes de neblina na primeira metade da noite, onde é descrito que ocorre a maior parte da atividade das espécies a serem coletadas. Para avaliar os resultados quanto ao total capturado e a riqueza de espécies em parte da noite, analisamos o horário de captura em inventário realizado no sudeste do Brasil. A amostragem total compreendeu 570 capturas e 25 espécies de três diferentes famílias. Das 18 espécies em que foi possível calcular a média do horário de capturas, apenas duas espécies insetívoras aéreas apresentaram valores anteriores às 21:00 h. Notou-se grande similaridade quanto a abundância das espécies, tanto na primeira metade da noite quanto na segunda metade. A riqueza e o total capturado resultaram em elevada similaridade entre a amostragem observada do pôr-do-sol às 00:00 e das 00:01 h ao amanhecer. A realização de coletas durante toda a noite pode resultar em maior riqueza e deve ser o método escolhido para um inventário.

Brazilian researchers of bats concentrate the sampling activity with mist nets in the first half of the night, when it is described that concentrates most of the activity of the species. To evaluate the results of the total captured and species richness during the night, we analyzed the time of capture in inventories developed in southeastern Brazil. The total sampling comprised 570 captures and 25 species of three different families. Of the 18 species in that was possible to calculate the average of time of capture, only two insectivore species showed values previous to 21:00 h. We noticed high similarity in the abundance of the species between the first and the second half of the night. The all night sampling can result in larger richness and should be the chosen methods for inventory.

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A method for testing the host specificity of ectoparasites: give them the opportunity to choose
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Esbérard, Carlos EL

; Martins-Hatano, Fernanda

; Bittencourt, Emerson B

; Bossi, David EP

; Fontes, Angélica

; Lareschi, Marcela

; Menezes, Vanderlaine

; Bergallo, Helena G

; Gettinger, Donald

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Nov 2005, Volume 100 Nº 7 Páginas 761 - 764

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Host-choice experiments were carried out with rodent and bat ectoparasites on Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We constructed experimental chambers that enclosed three different rodent or bat host species, and then introduced a selected set of ectoparasitic arthropods. When given the opportunity to choose among host species, the ectoparasites showed a strong tendency to select their primary hosts, and reject novel host species. These kinds of simple experiments can be valuable tools for assessing the ability of ectoparasites to locate and discern differences between host species, and make choices about which hosts to infest, and which hosts to avoid.

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